Infidelity Recovery Through a Trauma Lens: When Betrayal Activates Old Wounds

RELATIONSHIPS • February 15, 2028

LAST UPDATED: APRIL 2026

Last updated: June 2026 by Annie Wright, LMFT

Naomi finds the text messages at 11:47 PM on a Tuesday. Her body recognized this before her brain did: the late nights, the new cologne, the phone left face down. It’s been here before, not with her husband but with her father, twenty seven years ago.

In my work with driven women, I consistently see a pattern: infidelity, while shattering on its own, becomes far more destructive when it lands on top of childhood trauma. It’s not just a present betrayal, it’s a visceral reactivation of the past, a re-opening of old wounds. The ground beneath you doesn’t just shake, it gives way, and what’s underneath is a chasm of unresolved pain.

Traditional infidelity recovery often focuses only on the couple’s present dynamic. That matters, but for many women, the affair also sets off a much older, deeper store of unresolved pain. The betrayal acts as a trigger, pulling the nervous system back to a time when safety was compromised by the very people meant to provide it. This isn’t a conscious choice, it’s an automatic, primal response.

To heal from this rupture, we need a trauma-informed lens. The intensity of your pain isn’t an overreaction, it’s a logical physiological and psychological response to compounded trauma. It’s the collision of a current relational crisis with an old, deeply embedded attachment wound. This understanding is the foundation for lasting healing.

In short: The Gottman Trust Revival Method is a structured three-phase process, Atone, Attune, and Attach, that guides couples through rebuilding connection after infidelity by addressing accountability, emotional attunement, and attachment repair in sequence.

Understanding the Foundations: Key Definitions

Before we go deeper into how this shows up, it helps to have a shared language. Two concepts are central to understanding the intersection of infidelity and trauma: the Gottman Trust Revival Method and Betrayal Trauma.

Betrayal trauma, a term coined by Jennifer Freyd, PhD, psychologist and researcher who developed the theory at the University of Oregon, explains why an affair can feel like an existential threat. It comes from a violation of trust by someone who matters to your safety or well being. That dependence is what intensifies the trauma, it shatters the basic assumption that the world is safe and trustworthy. For driven women, often self-reliant because of past betrayals, realizing they trusted an untrustworthy partner is a devastating blow to their sense of self, reality, and judgment. It fractures not just the relationship but a core belief system about safety and connection, and that’s what leads to the disorientation and self-doubt.

The Impact on Driven Women: When Old Wounds Resurface

Let’s return to Naomi, the venture capitalist. A powerhouse in her professional life, she negotiates multimillion dollar deals, manages teams, and thrives in high pressure environments. She’s a driven woman, accustomed to control. But her husband’s affair instantly dissolves that armor, leaving her exposed and powerless.

The two events fuse in her nervous system. When she looks at her husband, she sees not just the betrayer but the ghost of her father, who left when she was eleven. Her rage isn’t just for one betrayal, it’s the accumulated rage of two abandonments, and untangling past from present is arduous work. The current betrayal magnifies an old, unhealed scar: every lie, every secret, echoes what she felt as a child, and her body remembers the terror, the confusion, the desperate longing. Now that visceral terror returns and consumes her. She oscillates between a frantic need for answers and a desire to escape, leaving her exhausted and questioning her own sanity. This is compounded trauma, where the present crisis acts as a portal to past wounds.

For Naomi, the affair confirms her deepest fear: that she is unlovable, flawed, and destined to be abandoned. Her father”s departure instilled a core belief that the people who are supposed to protect and cherish you will inevitably leave. She spent decades meticulously constructing a life designed to disprove this narrative, building a formidable career as a venture capitalist and developing a seemingly stable, loving marriage. Yet, the stark reality of the text messages shattered that carefully constructed illusion, brutally plunging her back into the raw, emotional reality of an eleven-year-old girl watching her world disintegrate.

The success she built so carefully, the control she exerted in her professional life, the very pillars of her identity, now feel meaningless and fragile against this wound. She finds herself questioning her judgment in choosing a partner, her worth as a human being, and her ability to ever feel safe in a relationship again. This kind of destabilization is a hallmark of betrayal trauma, where the present event doesn’t just cause pain, it dismantles the survivor’s entire internal sense of safety and self-perception.

In my practice, I see this fusion of past and present show up in a handful of ways. The nervous system can’t tell the difference between the historical threat and the current crisis, so it goes into overdrive, and you end up in a near constant state of internal alarm.

Key Manifestations of Compounded Betrayal Trauma

Hypervigilance and Surveillance Behaviors: After betrayal, especially when there’s prior trauma, the nervous system enters a heightened alert state. This shows up as an obsessive need to monitor and control: compulsively checking phones, tracking locations, replaying conversations for inconsistencies. This isn’t mere snooping, it’s a traumatized nervous system trying to re-establish safety in an environment that no longer feels predictable. Constant scanning for threats drains you, and the exhaustion becomes its own kind of unease. It’s a survival mechanism in overdrive, one that ends up feeding the very anxiety it’s trying to manage.

Intrusive Imagery: Distressing, involuntary, vivid mental images or “clips” of the affair, functioning like PTSD flashbacks. These visceral experiences pull you abruptly into the raw trauma of discovery. Images of texts, locations, or perceived intimacy can strike without warning, disrupting sleep and concentration. Your brain relives these fragments, accompanied by physiological responses, preventing trauma integration and keeping it potent.

Somatic Symptoms: The physical toll of compounded betrayal trauma is real. Your body can’t tell the difference between a physical threat and an emotional one, so it responds as if you’re in constant danger: chronic nausea, stomach knots, insomnia, appetite changes, a kind of general physical malaise that’s hard to name. Your system floods with stress hormones, and over time that can mean elevated blood pressure, digestive issues, muscle tension, a weakened immune response. It’s a body in perpetual alarm, reflecting a wound that started somewhere else.

Oscillation Between Rage and Attachment: Infidelity often triggers a profound oscillation between intense rage and desperate clinging for those with early attachment trauma. One moment, you’re consumed by rage, wanting to leave; the next, gripped by a primal need for your partner’s reassurance. This rapid shift is a hallmark of the fearful-avoidant style, rooted in childhood experiences where caregivers were both comfort and fear. This dynamic is brutally reactivated, leaving you confused, unstable, and unable to make clear decisions.

Activation of Childhood Betrayal Templates: The current affair often feels ”familiar,” resonating with deep, old wounds. It”s not just the cheating, but how they cheated, who they cheated with, or the lies told, that perfectly mirror past trauma dynamics. For instance, parental gaslighting might be re-enacted by a partner”s denial. This activation of childhood betrayal templates makes healing complex, as you”re dealing with a lifetime of betrayals converging in the present.

Self-Blame and Shame: “What did I do wrong?” is a common refrain for betrayed partners. For those with childhood trauma, this question carries old shame with it, echoing past betrayals. That old shame gets reactivated by the current betrayal, and it can pull you into a cycle of self-criticism, self-doubt, and feeling not good enough. Replaying interactions, searching for clues, believing you were somehow responsible: this is an attempt to regain control, but it traps you in suffering and reinforces the belief that you were the problem all along.

If you’re living through the aftermath of betrayal and recognizing that the affair activated something much older, therapy with a clinician who understands both infidelity recovery and complex trauma can help you untangle what belongs to now and what belongs to then. It’s a slow work of disentanglement, allowing you to address the current pain without being overwhelmed by the echoes of the past.

The Neurobiological Overlap: Betrayal Trauma and PTSD

To understand how deeply betrayal trauma and infidelity intersect, we have to look at neurobiology. Discovering an affair isn’t just emotional shock, it’s a neurological event that reshapes the brain and body in ways that mirror severe trauma responses. The overlap between betrayal trauma and PTSD is significant, often indistinguishable, which is why the symptoms can feel so resistant to the coping strategies that usually work.

When you discover an affair, your brain perceives an existential threat to safety and reality, and it activates the amygdala, the primal fear center. That sets off an immediate cascade of physiological responses: a faster heart rate, rapid breathing, tense muscles, a flood of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. This is your body’s fight, flight, or freeze response, built for life-threatening danger, now triggered by the shattering of trust by an intimate partner.

At the same time, the hippocampus, which handles memory processing and helps you tell past from present apart, gets disrupted by stress hormones. That means the traumatic event never quite integrates into a cohesive narrative. Instead, memories get stored as fragmented sensory details: the phone screen’s glow, the words on the text, the unfamiliar cologne, the lurch in your stomach. This is why intrusive imagery and flashbacks are so potent, your brain relives the trauma vividly, as if it’s still happening, instead of filing it away as something that already ended.

When this cascade layers onto existing attachment trauma, a nervous system already primed for danger by an inconsistent childhood, the effects get magnified. A brain that learned early the world isn’t safe becomes hyper reactive to current betrayal: elevated cortisol and a sensitized amygdala mean it takes less to trigger an overwhelming trauma response. The affair can push you past your capacity to cope, into helplessness and despair. This is why healing from betrayal trauma is intricate and often slow, and why it calls for trauma-informed care that addresses both the relational rupture and the nervous system dysregulation underneath it.

Jennifer Freyd, PhD, the psychologist and researcher who coined the term betrayal trauma, has spent her career showing that this violation of a safe haven, the rupture of the basic human need for secure attachment, is what causes the deepest psychological injury. In my work with clients, I see this borne out again and again: it’s not just a broken heart, it’s a broken sense of reality and safety.

Both/And: Infidelity Can Be Both a Relationship Rupture and an Activation of Wounds That Predate the Relationship Entirely

In trauma-informed therapy, the “Both/And” concept holds two truths at once instead of forcing a choice between them. Applied to infidelity recovery, especially alongside complex trauma, it’s essential. We have to acknowledge the affair as a devastating present betrayal, a rupture of trust and boundaries. And at the same time, recognize it as a reactivation of past wounds, childhood betrayals, attachment injuries, or systemic failures that predate the relationship entirely. This dual view doesn’t minimize the current pain or let anyone off the hook, it’s what makes careful, compassionate healing possible, because it treats pain as the weave of historical and present threads that it actually is.

Consider Ava, a physician whose life reflects meticulous planning. She discovers her wife’s emotional affair through inconsistencies and hidden communications. Her devastation comes not just from the betrayal but from realizing she’d ignored signs that were right in front of her, a denial pattern she learned in a childhood where telling the truth was dangerous. That pattern, a survival mechanism from a chaotic early life, became her undoing.

Ava grew up with an alcoholic father, learning to tune out dysfunction. Asking questions led to anger; maintaining a happy family illusion ensured her safety. She became an expert at not seeing, developing compartmentalization and self-deception. This survival skill, once essential, now left her vulnerable.

Uncovering her wife’s affair is agonizing, and the deeper pain comes from realizing her childhood denial made her susceptible to it. It’s as if her past self, the terrified little girl who couldn’t acknowledge her father’s drinking, allowed her adult self to stay blind. Ava’s recovery means grieving not just the affair’s rupture but also recognizing her denial as a trauma response that goes all the way back to age seven. That insight, painful as it is, offers a way out of old, self-sabotaging patterns.

For Ava, true healing means confronting the affair honestly and courageously confronting the terrified seven-year-old within her who fears uncomfortable truths. It means painstakingly learning to trust her perceptions, intuition, and reality again, a task more daunting than rebuilding trust with her wife. The “Both/And” framework validates the immense pain of the current betrayal while engaging in healing childhood wounds. It prevents minimizing the affair’s impact and ignoring the historical context that makes this betrayal uniquely devastating. This integrated approach is crucial for lasting healing and wholeness.

The Systemic Lens: Why Infidelity Is Treated as a Moral Problem When It’s Often a Trauma Problem. For Both Partners

To understand infidelity”s complexities, we must transcend simplistic narratives and examine broader cultural and systemic forces. Culturally, infidelity is often framed in stark, binary moral terms: betrayer as bad, betrayed as victim. This binary, while emotionally resonant, is ultimately unhelpful for deep healing, preventing careful exploration of underlying dynamics.

Accountability is essential. The betraying partner has to take full responsibility for their choices and the pain they caused. But this rigid moral binary often gets in the way of clinical reality. Affairs rarely happen in a vacuum, they come out of a mix of factors: unaddressed individual trauma, unmet attachment needs, relational dynamics that both partners shape even though only one betrays, and broader systemic pressures. Reducing infidelity to a moral failing alone misses the chance for real understanding and growth.

A trauma-informed lens doesn’t excuse the behavior of the betraying partner. Instead, it seeks to understand it within a broader picture of human experience and psychological functioning. This isn’t just an academic exercise, it’s necessary for healing, whether the couple ultimately stays together or separates. This view recognizes that human behavior, even the most hurtful actions, is often an attempt, however misguided, to cope with pain or fulfill needs that went unmet for a long time. It invites curiosity and empathy rather than immediate condemnation.

When we view infidelity only through the lens of moral failing, we miss the chance to understand the vulnerabilities that made the relationship susceptible to an affair in the first place. We miss the chance to explore how the betraying partner’s own unhealed trauma, attachment insecurities, or internal struggles contributed to their choices. This isn’t about absolving them of responsibility, it’s about understanding the full picture so real, lasting change can happen, both for the individual and for the relationship, if it’s going to be rebuilt.

For driven women, who are often used to taking charge, fixing problems, and holding themselves and others to very high standards of accountability, this systemic lens can be particularly hard to adopt. Contextualizing your partner’s betrayal might feel at first like letting them off the hook, or worse, like quietly blaming yourself. But contextualization isn’t exoneration, it’s the pursuit of truth, a deeper understanding of the forces at play. It’s the recognition that human behavior is complex and multi-determined, and that even the most devastating actions are often rooted in pain, fear, or needs that went unmet for a long time. This broader view doesn’t take your power away. It actually gives you a more complete framework for understanding what happened, why it happened, and how to move forward with clarity and agency.

When we shift from a purely moral framework to a trauma-informed systemic one, a deeper, more integrated kind of healing becomes possible. We move away from simple condemnation and toward a careful, compassionate understanding of the human condition, recognizing that both partners may be carrying their own unhealed wounds. This shift matters. It’s what breaks intergenerational cycles of trauma and makes it possible to build relationships, whether that’s within the existing partnership or in new connections, that are genuinely resilient, honest, and fulfilling.

Healing and Moving Forward: The Path to Recovery

Recovery from infidelity, especially when compounded by trauma, is a messy, painful, and often exhausting process, but one that can lead to profound growth, deeper self-understanding, and a more authentic life. It”s about transforming pain into purpose and reclaiming agency.

In my clinical practice, I use a multi-faceted, integrative approach. The goal isn”t just to survive the betrayal, but to facilitate profound healing of underlying wounds, allowing for a more integrated, resilient self.

Therapeutic Approaches for Compounded Trauma

Trauma-Informed Disclosure: Disclosure of affair details has to be handled with real care. It’s a structured, clinician-guided process that gives the betrayed partner room to ask questions and get honest answers. The goal is truth that helps you reconstruct reality, without re-traumatizing you in the process. The clinician helps regulate both partners’ nervous systems along the way, so disclosure serves healing and clarity rather than more chaos.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing): For intrusive imagery, mental replays, and flashbacks, EMDR can be highly effective. It helps the brain reprocess traumatic memories, moving them from the amygdala, which treats them as current threats, to the hippocampus, which files them as past events. That shift reduces the emotional charge and the physiological reactivity, which eases the trauma symptoms. EMDR lets you recall traumatic events without the same distress, which is what leads to real resolution and fewer intrusive thoughts.

Differentiation Work: This matters most for those with pre-existing trauma, and it involves carefully separating the current betrayal from childhood echoes. It untangles fused narratives, recognizing that current pain is amplified by unresolved past wounds. This work asks for introspection, courage, and a therapist’s guidance to confront the historical wounds that are driving your emotional responses. Differentiation brings clarity, reduces compounded pain, and hands you back agency over your present reactions.

The Gottman Trust Revival Method (with Trauma Modifications): Gottman’s Atone, Attune, Attach framework is valuable, but it needs real modification when complex trauma is present. Pacing has to be slower, with much more focus on nervous system regulation and building a pervasive sense of safety. The betraying partner needs to understand that their partner’s reactivity, hypervigilance, or withdrawal are trauma responses, not manipulation. They need to learn to consistently offer safety, reassurance, and steady presence, recognizing how directly their actions affect their partner’s nervous system. Programs on picking better partners and healthy relationship foundations can help build a more secure future.

Somatic Processing: Trauma is stored in the body, which is why cognitive therapy alone often isn’t enough. Somatic processing addresses the body-level impact of betrayal trauma directly, easing chronic physical symptoms like nausea, insomnia, and tension. Techniques like Somatic Experiencing or trauma-informed yoga help the nervous system release trapped survival energy, so the body can come back to a baseline of regulation, calm, and felt safety. It’s about befriending your body again, and letting go of the physiological residue the trauma left behind.

Individual Therapy for Both Partners: Individual therapy for both partners, alongside couples work, isn’t optional if you want real healing. The betrayed partner needs a safe space to process compounded trauma, grieve losses, and rebuild self-worth without the pressure of managing a partner’s feelings while doing it. The betraying partner needs space to explore vulnerabilities, attachment insecurities, and the coping patterns that led to the affair. There, they take real responsibility, build empathy, and learn healthier ways of relating. Addressing individual trauma histories alongside the relational rupture is what makes lasting change possible.

Whether you choose to stay and rebuild the relationship or leave and build a new life on your own, one thing holds true: you deserve to heal both wounds, the one your partner just inflicted, and the older one that was there long before the affair. There’s no universal right answer to staying or leaving. What matters is that the decision comes from grounded clarity and self-worth rather than from acute trauma reactivity or fear of abandonment. Your past doesn’t have to dictate your present, and your healing here is yours alone.

Warmly, Annie

Resources and Support

If you’re facing the intersection of infidelity and trauma, you don’t have to do it alone. The path to healing is hard, but with the right support, it’s entirely possible to reclaim your sense of safety and build a life defined by real connection and resilience.

For further reading and support, consider exploring these resources:

• Learn more about [Therapy with Annie](https://anniewright.com/therapy-with-annie/) and how a trauma-informed approach can support your healing, helping you process complex emotions and develop coping strategies.
• If you are a driven professional struggling to balance recovery with your career, [Executive Coaching](https://anniewright.com/executive-coaching/) can provide targeted support to maintain professional equilibrium while healing personally.
• Explore our comprehensive [Betrayal Trauma: Complete Guide](https://anniewright.com/betrayal-trauma-complete-guide/) for an in-depth understanding of these dynamics and practical steps toward recovery.
• Take our [Quiz](https://anniewright.com/quiz) to gain insights into your attachment patterns and trauma responses, which can be a powerful first step in self-discovery.
• Read more about the foundational elements of healthy relationships in our posts on [Bids for Connection](https://anniewright.com/bids-for-connection/) and managing [Emotional Flooding](https://anniewright.com/emotional-flooding/), essential skills for any relationship.
• Understand the complexities of unhealthy dynamics by reading about [Trauma Bonding](https://anniewright.com/trauma-bonding/) and [Narcissistic Relationships](https://anniewright.com/narcissistic-relationships/), to better identify and avoid destructive patterns.
• Deepen your understanding of your own relational blueprint by exploring [Attachment Styles](https://anniewright.com/attachment-styles/), and how they influence your reactions to betrayal.
• Learn more about the specific challenges of rebuilding [Trust After Betrayal](https://anniewright.com/trust-after-betrayal/), and the steps involved in this delicate process.
• Stay connected and receive ongoing support by subscribing to our [Newsletter](https://anniewright.com/articles/), for regular insights and resources directly to your inbox.

How to Heal: Recovering From Infidelity When It Activates Old Wounds

When people talk about recovering from infidelity, the conversation tends to collapse into one of two binaries: you either rebuild the relationship or you leave. What’s almost never discussed is the third, invisible dimension, the layer of old wounds that the betrayal just ripped open, the wounds that predate your current partner by decades. In my work with clients like Ava and Naomi, what I’ve found is that healing from infidelity requires holding both dimensions simultaneously: the very real rupture in the relationship in front of you, and the activation of attachment injuries that were already living in your body long before this person arrived. Trying to “work on the marriage” while ignoring the earlier layer doesn’t fail because you’re not trying hard enough. It fails because you’re only addressing half the wound. Here’s what a more complete path looks like.

Here’s the path I walk with clients, in roughly this order:

1. Stabilize your nervous system before you make any major decisions. Infidelity trauma produces neurobiological responses that are clinically indistinguishable from PTSD: intrusive memories, hypervigilance, emotional flooding, dissociative numbness that alternates with acute pain. In that state, your nervous system is not resourced to make clear-eyed decisions about your relationship’s future. The first priority is stabilization, not deciding whether to stay or leave but building enough physiological regulation to think straight. This means sleep, movement, nutrition, and at minimum one daily practice that returns you to your window of tolerance: paced breathing, cold water on the face, a short walk, anything that interrupts the freeze-or-flee spiral. You can’t process trauma while you’re still in it; you have to create enough safety first.

2. Name both layers of what happened. The acute betrayal, the lies, the timeline, the specific acts of deception, is real and needs to be named clearly and without minimization. And separately, the old wound that this betrayal activated also deserves a name: This feeling of being lied to and abandoned. I know this feeling. I’ve been here before. Many of my clients find that their reaction to the infidelity felt disproportionate to even themselves, which can produce a second layer of shame. why am I this broken? The answer, almost always, is that they weren’t reacting only to the present betrayal. They were reacting to that betrayal plus every previous time their nervous system learned that love wasn’t safe. Understanding betrayal trauma as a layered phenomenon, not just a marital problem, is the beginning of a more accurate, more compassionate self-understanding.

3. Separate your responses so you can address each with the right tool. The hypervigilance that has you checking your partner’s phone at 3 a.m. needs a different intervention than the grief of your childhood attachment wounds. The gaslighting you may have experienced during the affair, the reality distortion, the manufactured doubt, needs direct reality-testing work, often with a therapist as a witness. The old wound underneath needs somatic processing, grief work, and the slow rebuilding of an internal sense of safety. Lumping all of these into one undifferentiated “work on the marriage” project is like trying to treat a broken leg and an infection with the same medication. Precision matters. The more clearly you can name which layer you’re working on in any given moment, the more efficiently the work moves.

4. Do the layered work inside a reliable therapeutic relationship. This isn’t the kind of healing that moves efficiently through books or podcasts or even couples retreats, though some of those can be useful complements. The betrayal trauma layer and the old wound layer both require relational repair, which means they heal best inside a consistent, attuned relationship with a trauma-informed clinician. Individual therapy gives you a space where your full reality, both the present rupture and the historical wound, can be witnessed without judgment, without someone else’s defensiveness in the room, without having to manage a partner’s feelings while you’re trying to find your own. It also gives you an earned secure base: a relationship where showing up and being received consistently begins to recalibrate what love feels like in your body.

5. Hold the systemic lens without losing the personal one. Infidelity is so consistently framed as a moral failure, the cheater’s weakness, the betrayed partner’s inadequacy, that the cultural conversation almost never makes space for the relational systems, attachment histories, and trauma patterns that shape how both people arrived at this moment. This doesn’t excuse deception; it contextualizes it. And for the partner who was betrayed, understanding that your fearful-avoidant attachment history may have shaped which partner you chose, how the relationship’s dynamics developed, and why this particular betrayal hit so catastrophically. That’s not self-blame. It’s the kind of systemic clarity that makes real change possible, rather than just a surface-level reconfiguring of the same underlying patterns.

6. Decide consciously what repair looks like, without pressure to rush. Whether you stay in the relationship, leave it, or hold it in an open question while you heal. All of those can be valid paths, but none of them should be decided from a place of acute distress. Healing from infidelity when it activates old wounds takes longer than the culture tells you it should. Naomi, whose story we explored earlier, spent the better part of a year in individual therapy before she felt grounded enough to even decide what she wanted for her marriage. That pacing wasn’t weakness, it was wisdom: the recognition that a decision made from a regulated, resourced self is worth waiting for.

You don’t have to compress this into a timeline that works for everyone else. What you’re healing is real, it’s layered, and it deserves care that matches its complexity. If you’d like support, I welcome you to explore individual therapy with my team, try Fixing the Foundations as a self-paced starting point, or schedule a consultation to talk through what kind of support fits your situation best.

Related Reading

Freyd, J. J. (1996). Betrayal trauma: The logic of forgetting childhood abuse. Harvard University Press.

Gottman, J. M., & Silver, N. (2012). What makes love last? How to build trust and avoid betrayal. Simon and Schuster.

Herman, J. L. (1992). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence, from domestic abuse to political terror. Basic Books.

Levine, P. A. (1997). Waking the tiger: Healing trauma. North Atlantic Books.

Mate, G. (2011). When the body says no: Understanding the stress-disease connection. John Wiley & Sons.

If any of this lands close to home and you’re ready for clinical support, you can connect with Annie’s team.

References

Peer-Reviewed Research (Vancouver)

1. Gómez JM, Smith CP, Gobin RL, Tang SS, Freyd JJ. Collusion, torture, and inequality: Understanding the actions of the American Psychological Association as institutional betrayal. J Trauma Dissociation. 2016;17(5):527-544. PMID: 27427782.
2. Gottman JM, Levenson RW, Gross J, Frederickson BL, McCoy K, Rosenthal L, et al. Correlates of gay and lesbian couples' relationship satisfaction and relationship dissolution. J Homosex. 2003;45(1):23-43. PMID: 14567652.

Books & Cultural Sources (Chicago Author-Date)

• Oliver, Mary. Devotions. Little, Brown Book Group Limited, 2017.

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