Crying in H Mart: Michelle Zauner on Mothers, Food, and Grief

POP CULTURE & TRAUMA • May 20, 2026

Last reviewed: June 2026 by Annie Wright, LMFT

Ethical note on clinical analysis of memoir and public figures:
This article offers a trauma-informed reading of Michelle Zauner’s memoir Crying in H Mart, with care to avoid clinical diagnosis of living individuals. Memoirs provide rich windows into lived experience and cultural patterns, but aren’t substitutes for therapy or clinical evaluation. Our reflections aim to validate survivor voices and illuminate common themes of maternal wounds, cultural inheritance, and grief, honoring the complexity and nuance of Zauner’s story. This article contains spoilers for Crying in H Mart.

In short: Crying in H Mart depicts maternal grief and Korean-American identity through the lens of food as a somatic language of love, showing how the body encodes attachment and mourning in ways words alone can’t hold.

Opening Scene: The H Mart as a Site of Memory and Mourning

Michelle Zauner’s memoir begins in a place that for many Korean-Americans and Korean diasporic communities holds deep cultural resonance: H Mart, the Korean grocery store. For Zauner, the aisles of H Mart become more than a marketplace; they’re a liminal space where sensory memory and grief collide. Her act of crying in H Mart is a vivid, raw expression of loss. A moment where the body’s grief spills into the public, amid the smells, sights, and textures that evoke her mother’s presence.

This scene invites us to consider how grief often manifests somatically, through the body’s responses before the mind can fully process the loss. Bessel van der Kolk’s seminal work, The Body Keeps the Score, underscores this phenomenon. Trauma and grief lodge in the body’s nervous system, creating sensations, impulses, and emotional waves that may feel overwhelming or inexplicable. Zauner’s tears in the grocery store aren’t just sadness; they’re the nervous system’s way of expressing an unbearable rupture in attachment.

The H Mart itself symbolizes cultural inheritance and maternal connection. The Korean food, the ingredients, the rituals of cooking and eating all carry the imprint of Zauner’s mother’s love and identity. In this way, the store is a sacred site where Zauner confronts not only death but the survival of culture and memory through food. This opening vignette sets the tone for the memoir’s exploration of how loss reveals love in complex, embodied ways.

Maternal Wounds and the Korean-American Mother-Daughter Pattern

Zauner’s memoir offers a richly textured portrayal of a Korean-American mother-daughter relationship marked by deep love, cultural complexity, and intergenerational wounds. Maternal wounds, broadly defined in trauma-informed psychotherapy, refer to patterns of emotional unavailability, neglect, or dysfunction that shape a daughter’s sense of self and relational capacity. Authors like Karyl McBride in Will I Ever Be Good Enough? and Jasmin Lee Cori in The Emotionally Absent Mother illuminate how these wounds often carry cultural and familial dimensions.

In Korean-American families, as Zauner’s story illustrates, maternal love frequently manifests through acts of caretaking and food rather than direct verbal affirmation or overt emotional expression. This style can be shaped by Confucian values emphasizing filial piety, sacrifice, and restraint in emotional displays. Zauner’s mother’s love was expressed through cooking traditional Korean dishes, prioritizing Zauner’s health and cultural grounding, and working tirelessly to provide a stable home.

At the same time, this mode of mothering can create emotional distance or feelings of invisibility for daughters craving explicit validation. The mother’s own wounds, rooted in immigration stress, cultural displacement, and possibly unprocessed trauma, inform how she relates to her daughter. This dynamic often leads to a paradoxical attachment: a deep yearning for closeness intertwined with pain or confusion.

Clinically, recognizing these maternal wounds is crucial because they impact attachment security and the daughter’s capacity for emotional regulation and self-compassion. Zauner’s memoir reveals how grief is complicated by this history; the daughter mourns not only the mother’s death but also the unspoken parts of their relationship, the tenderness that was difficult to access, the cultural scripts limiting emotional expression, and the legacy of sacrifice.

This pattern aligns with Jennifer Freyd’s betrayal trauma theory, which suggests that survivors of relational trauma may suppress awareness of harm to maintain attachment bonds. Zauner’s ambivalence toward her mother, both loving and frustrated, reflects this complex survival strategy.

How Crying in H Mart Shows Up in Driven Women

In my work with clients. driven women who present as the most competent person in every room they enter. The stories we’re analyzing here don’t stay on screen. They walk into the therapy room. Two composite client portraits, drawn from common patterns rather than any individual client:

Jordan is a 42-year-old executive coach. She coaches women who look exactly like her. What she has never said out loud, even to her own therapist, is that her own mother criticized her body every morning of her childhood and that Jordan still cannot eat in front of her without something shifting in her chest.

Jordan watches a lot of television professionally. She works with media executives. Crying in H Mart was the first show in years that she said she could not analyze. That breakthrough of being moved past her usual coping is often the doorway.

Nadia is a 36-year-old surgeon. She is precise, gifted, and exhausted. She has not taken a real vacation in five years. The last time she tried, she got food poisoning on day two and felt, beneath the misery, an almost shameful relief. Because being sick was the only socially acceptable reason she had ever been allowed to stop.

Nadia recognized in Crying in H Mart what her medical training had never quite named: that some children survive their families by becoming useful, and that being useful is not the same as being seen.

Both Jordan and Nadia. Or whichever pair I’m sitting with that day. Recognize themselves in the patterns the story is naming. That recognition is where the work begins. Not with diagnosis. With the relief of being able to put words on a pattern that had been operating in silence.

Food as a Language of Love and Loss

Food is a central motif in Crying in H Mart, functioning as a somatic and symbolic language of love, identity, and grief. Zauner’s memories of her mother’s cooking evoke not only nourishment but also the transmission of culture and care. The Korean dishes her mother prepared were acts of maternal devotion, embodying unspoken communication and connection.

For many survivors of maternal wounds or cultural displacement, food becomes a unique medium to express and experience love when words feel insufficient or fraught. Cooking and sharing meals enact a relational ritual that can both soothe and trigger complex emotions. Zauner’s experience of eating Korean food after her mother’s death is simultaneously comforting and painful, a bittersweet tasting of her mother’s presence and absence.

Clinically, food’s role as a love language aligns with somatic psychotherapy principles. Our bodies remember relational experiences through sensory channels, taste, smell, touch, that often bypass cognitive processing. Janina Fisher and Pat Ogden, pioneers in sensorimotor psychotherapy, emphasize how somatic experiences like eating can activate implicit memories and emotional states.

Zauner’s narrative also highlights how cultural inheritance shapes these dynamics. The Korean-American mother-daughter relationship often involves food as a primary vehicle of care, reflecting larger cultural values around family, identity, and resilience. Yet this can also trigger ambivalence, comfort mixed with loss, nourishment tinged with grief.

This duality is part of the both/and complexity of maternal wounds and cultural trauma. Food can be a source of connection and also a reminder of what’s lost or unspoken. Zauner’s memoir invites readers to hold this paradox with compassion.

Anticipatory Grief: The Shadow Before the Loss

A key trauma-informed reading of Crying in H Mart is Zauner’s experience of anticipatory grief, the emotional process that begins before a loved one’s death. Her mother’s cancer diagnosis initiates a prolonged period of mourning, adjustment, and emotional preparation that profoundly shapes Zauner’s nervous system and relational experience.

Anticipatory grief is well documented in clinical literature as a complex, often disorienting state of holding hope and fear simultaneously. It can involve fluctuating emotions such as denial, anger, sadness, and acceptance, all while bracing for inevitable loss. This ongoing tension challenges the nervous system’s capacity to regulate, often resulting in hypervigilance, anxiety, or emotional numbing.

Stephen Porges’ Polyvagal Theory offers a helpful lens here. The nervous system shifts dynamically between states of safety (social engagement) and threat (fight, flight, freeze). During anticipatory grief, survivors may oscillate rapidly, trying to maintain connection while preparing for separation. Zauner’s writing captures this nervous system dance, her desire to care for her mother, hold onto memories, and brace for the future loss.

Clinically, anticipatory grief is a form of trauma that can disrupt attachment patterns and self-regulation. Recognizing this experience validates the survivor’s emotional complexity and opens pathways for therapeutic support focused on nervous system regulation, safety, and relational attunement.

The Body Remembers: Embodied Grief and Traumatic Memory

Zauner’s tears in H Mart, her visceral reactions to food, and her sensory memories illustrate what Janina Fisher and Pat Ogden describe as the fragmentation of traumatic memory and the body’s critical role in trauma processing. When the mind can’t fully hold the magnitude of loss, the body carries the memory, in sensations, movements, emotional responses, and even posture.

This embodied grief isn’t metaphorical; it’s a neurobiological reality. The body’s orienting reflex, a concept central to sensorimotor psychotherapy, draws attention to how survivors instinctively attend to sensory cues that reconnect them to trauma and healing. Zauner’s memoir exemplifies this embodied remembering, where grief is felt in the gut, the breath, the tears, and the tremors.

Bessel van der Kolk’s The Body Keeps the Score highlights how trauma can become “stuck” in the body, creating chronic states of dysregulation. Zauner’s grief unfolds in these embodied patterns, revealing the nervous system’s attempt to process overwhelming loss.

Deb Dana’s Polyvagal-informed approaches emphasize the importance of creating safety and social engagement channels to help survivors re-regulate and integrate traumatic memories. Recognizing the somatic dimension of grief validates the survivor’s experience beyond words and opens pathways for body-based therapies to complement talk therapy.

Zauner’s narrative is a powerful reminder that healing maternal grief requires attention to the whole person, mind, body, and culture.

Both/And: Holding Truth and Compassion Together

What I want to be clear about, because it matters clinically, is that Zauner’s story embodies a both/and truth. Her mother was a source of profound love and cultural connection AND their relationship carried wounds shaped by culture, generational trauma, and emotional complexity.

This both/and frame is essential in trauma-informed care. It allows survivors to hold the paradox of maternal grief without collapsing into idealization or condemnation. Compassion doesn’t require excusing harm; it requires understanding the adaptive context of relational patterns and honoring the survival strategies that both protected and cost Zauner and her mother.

Karyl McBride’s work on maternal wounds and Craig Malkin’s insights into narcissistic traits in caregivers emphasize how this complexity shapes attachment and self-concept. Zauner’s narrative invites us to recognize that maternal grief often involves mourning the loss of potential, the mother we wished for and the mother we had.

Clinically, this reframe supports survivors in reclaiming agency over their narratives and beginning healing fractured attachments. It encourages integration rather than polarization, allowing space for the full spectrum of emotions and memories.

The Systemic Lens: Why This Wound Is Not Just Personal

Zauner’s memoir also invites a systemic lens on grief and maternal wounds. The Korean-American cultural context, immigrant family dynamics, and intergenerational trauma shape how grief is experienced, expressed, and processed.

Cultural scripts influence expectations around emotional expression, caregiving roles, and mourning rituals. For example, Confucian values may prioritize filial duty, sacrifice, and emotional restraint, shaping how Zauner and her mother related. These systemic factors can both support and complicate individual healing.

Judith Herman’s trauma recovery model emphasizes that healing occurs within relational and cultural contexts, underscoring the importance of safety, remembrance, and reconnection. Zauner’s story reminds us that maternal grief isn’t only a personal journey but also a cultural and systemic one.

Intergenerational trauma transmission can occur through unspoken patterns, emotional legacies, and embodied memories that pass from parent to child. Zauner’s memoir illuminates how these patterns shape identity and grief responses in the Korean-American diaspora.

Clinically, this systemic understanding calls for cultural humility and competence in therapy, recognizing that healing maternal wounds involves addressing broader family and cultural narratives alongside individual work.

Healing and Recovery: What Zauner’s Memoir Offers Survivors

Crying in H Mart offers survivors a mirror and a map. It validates the messy, embodied, culturally inflected nature of maternal grief and invites readers to find their own language of loss, whether through food, memory, tears, or storytelling.

Clinically, Zauner’s memoir underscores the importance of integrating body-based approaches (van der Kolk, Fisher, Ogden), relational healing (Dana, Herman), and cultural competence in trauma recovery. It also highlights the power of memoir as a clinical adjunct, offering insight, validation, and connection beyond the therapy room.

Survivors may find resonance in Zauner’s depiction of anticipatory grief, the both/and complexity of maternal wounds, and the embodied nature of loss. Recognizing these patterns is the first step toward reclaiming agency and embarking on healing.

Therapeutic approaches that focus on nervous system regulation, somatic integration, and relational safety are particularly helpful. Annie Wright’s Fixing the Foundations^™ program offers guidance grounded in these principles.

Zauner’s memoir also illustrates that recovery isn’t linear; it involves cycles of remembering and forgetting, connection and distance, sorrow and joy. Holding this complexity with compassion supports sustainable healing.

Pop Culture as Doorway, Not Destination

It’s important to remember that pop culture and memoirs like Crying in H Mart can be doorways into self-understanding but aren’t substitutes for therapy. They can illuminate patterns, offer language, and inspire hope, but healing requires the safety and structure of clinical support.

If Zauner’s story resonates with you, consider exploring therapy options, including those that focus on maternal wounds, cultural trauma, and embodied grief. Annie Wright offers trauma-informed psychotherapy, coaching, and consultation tailored to these needs.

Pop culture narratives can also provide community and reduce isolation by showing that others have experienced similar losses and complexities. This connection can be profoundly healing.

Clinical Deepening: What This Story Helps Us See

Scene-Level Depth: The H Mart as a Somatic and Relational Landscape

The opening scene of Crying in H Mart isn’t only a narrative entry point but a profound illustration of how trauma and grief unfold within embodied and relational contexts. The sensory experience of the grocery store, the pungent aroma of kimchi, the vibrant colors of fresh produce, the tactile engagement with familiar ingredients, acts as a somatic trigger that awakens Zauner’s memories and emotions. This aligns with Janina Fisher and Pat Ogden’s sensorimotor psychotherapy framework, which emphasizes how trauma is stored not only cognitively but also in the body’s implicit memory and sensory-motor patterns.

In this liminal space, Zauner’s body is activated by cues that evoke her mother’s presence and absence simultaneously. Her tears emerge not from a linear narrative of grief but from a complex interplay of sensory input, relational longing, and cultural identity. This scene invites clinicians and survivors alike to recognize how grief and trauma often bypass verbal cognition and instead speak through the body’s sensations and impulses. Such moments can feel destabilizing but also offer a critical entry point for healing when met with attuned presence and safety.

From a Polyvagal Theory perspective (Deb Dana, Stephen Porges), Zauner’s crying in a public space like H Mart reflects the nervous system’s dynamic regulation in response to social engagement cues and threat. The grocery store is a socially meaningful environment, yet the activation of grief may push the nervous system toward a state of dysregulation, heightened arousal or shutdown. Understanding this dynamic can help survivors and therapists approach moments of public grief with compassion, recognizing the nervous system’s attempt to process overwhelming affect in real time.

Clinical Nuance: Maternal Wounds Through a Trauma-Informed Lens

Zauner’s complex maternal relationship is central to her memoir and reflects the intricate dynamics of maternal wounds described by Judith Herman and Karyl McBride. Herman’s trauma recovery model underscores the importance of safety, remembrance and mourning, and reconnection. Zauner’s narrative moves through these stages, illustrating how maternal loss isn’t simply about death but also about the unresolved relational ruptures that shape identity and attachment.

Jennifer Freyd’s betrayal trauma theory adds another layer of nuance here. The mother-daughter relationship can be a site of betrayal trauma when caregiving is inconsistent, neglectful, or emotionally unavailable, a common experience in intergenerational trauma within immigrant families negotiating cultural expectations. Zauner’s ambivalence toward her mother’s emotional distance, alongside profound love, highlights the dual reality of betrayal and attachment that survivors often navigate.

Clinically, this complexity calls for a careful, trauma-informed approach that validates both the pain and the love embedded in maternal wounds. Survivors may oscillate between feelings of anger, guilt, longing, and grief. Therapists can support this process by fostering a safe therapeutic alliance, normalizing ambivalence, and helping clients develop self-compassion for their conflicted emotions. For more on navigating maternal wounds, see Annie Wright’s resources on mother-daughter trauma.

Recovery Interpretation: Anticipatory Grief and the Nervous System

Zauner’s experience of anticipatory grief, the preloss mourning that unfolds during her mother’s illness, is a clinically significant phenomenon that often goes unrecognized. Judith Herman highlights anticipatory grief as a form of trauma that can disrupt attachment and create chronic states of hypervigilance and anxiety. The uncertainty of impending loss can trigger nervous system dysregulation, as described by Deb Dana’s application of Polyvagal Theory.

Anticipatory grief involves the nervous system cycling between social engagement attempts and defensive states. Survivors may experience moments of hope, denial, despair, and preparation simultaneously. Zauner’s narrative reveals how this rollercoaster of affect impacts her capacity to connect with her mother and process impending loss. This underscores the importance of trauma-informed care that attends to nervous system regulation in grief work.

Clinically, interventions that incorporate somatic regulation, such as grounding techniques, mindful breathing, and titrated exposure to grief memories, can help survivors navigate anticipatory grief without becoming overwhelmed. For clinicians and survivors interested in nervous system regulation during grief, Annie Wright’s Polyvagal-informed grief resources offer practical guidance.

Ethical Cautions: Memoir as a Window, Not a Diagnostic Tool

While Crying in H Mart offers rich clinical insights, it’s essential to approach memoir with ethical caution. Public narratives are constructed with artistic, cultural, and personal intentions that may not fully or accurately represent clinical realities. As clinicians, we must resist the urge to pathologize or diagnose based on memoir alone.

Jennifer Freyd’s work on trauma and public disclosure reminds us that survivors’ stories are often shaped by the need for safety, agency, and meaning-making. Memoirs can provide validation and community but aren’t substitutes for individualized clinical assessment. Readers and clinicians should honor the memoir’s role as a doorway into lived experience rather than a definitive clinical portrait.

Moreover, care must be taken when discussing culturally specific family dynamics and grief expressions to avoid stereotyping or cultural reductionism. Zauner’s Korean-American identity is deeply woven into her story, but cultural patterns are diverse and complex. Trauma-informed practice requires cultural humility and openness to the unique ways grief and trauma manifest across different identities.

The Body Remembers: Embodied Grief and Traumatic Memory

Bessel van der Kolk’s concept that “the body keeps the score” is vividly illustrated in Zauner’s memoir. Her tears in H Mart symbolize how grief and trauma are lodged in the body’s sensory and autonomic systems. This embodied grief often resists verbal articulation, manifesting instead through somatic symptoms, flashbacks, or emotional flooding.

Janina Fisher and Pat Ogden’s sensorimotor psychotherapy offers clinical tools to access and integrate these embodied memories safely. Their work emphasizes tracking physical sensations, movement impulses, and emotional states to help survivors reconnect fragmented parts of experience. Zauner’s narrative invites readers to witness how food and sensory environments can both trigger and soothe these embodied grief responses.

For survivors, learning to listen to the body’s signals with curiosity rather than judgment is a crucial step in recovery. Mindfulness practices, somatic therapies, and trauma-sensitive yoga are modalities that can support this reconnection. Clinicians should tailor interventions to honor clients’ pacing and readiness, avoiding retraumatization.

Both/And: Holding Truth and Compassion Together

A key clinical takeaway from Zauner’s memoir is the importance of the both/and reframe in maternal grief. Mothers can be sources of profound love and deep wounding simultaneously, a paradox that survivors often struggle to hold. This complexity defies simplistic narratives of “good” or “bad” mothering and demands an integrative, compassionate stance.

Karyl McBride’s maternal wound scholarship encourages survivors to acknowledge this duality, fostering self-compassion and reducing shame. Judith Herman’s trauma recovery framework similarly stresses the need for survivors to reclaim their own voice and narrative, integrating painful truths alongside cherished memories.

Clinicians can facilitate this process by creating space for ambivalence and complexity, validating all aspects of survivors’ experiences without forcing resolution. This approach honors the full humanity of maternal relationships and supports authentic healing.

The Systemic Lens: Why This Wound Is Not Just Personal

Zauner’s story is deeply embedded in the systemic context of Korean-American immigrant family dynamics, highlighting the intergenerational transmission of trauma and cultural patterns. Family systems theory, combined with trauma-informed perspectives, illuminates how cultural values around filial piety, emotional expression, and caregiving influence grief and maternal wounds.

Jennifer Freyd’s betrayal trauma theory also intersects with cultural considerations, as systemic betrayal can be compounded by cultural silence or stigma around mental health and emotional vulnerability. Zauner’s navigation of cultural expectations alongside personal grief reveals the tension many survivors face between honoring cultural heritage and addressing individual trauma.

Clinicians working with culturally diverse clients can benefit from trauma-informed cultural humility, recognizing the influence of family and culture on trauma responses while supporting clients’ unique healing journeys. For more on trauma and culture, see Annie Wright’s multicultural trauma resources.

Healing and Recovery: What Zauner’s Memoir Offers Survivors

Crying in H Mart models a path toward healing that’s nonlinear, embodied, and relationally rich. Zauner’s willingness to sit with pain, ambivalence, and cultural complexity offers survivors a roadmap for integrating grief without erasing the fullness of maternal love.

Drawing on Judith Herman’s three-stage trauma recovery model, Zauner’s memoir reflects:

1. Establishing safety. Through connection with cultural roots and supportive relationships.
2. Remembrance and mourning. By telling her story and allowing grief to surface in embodied ways.
3. Reconnection. By finding new meaning and identity beyond loss.

Deb Dana’s Polyvagal-informed approaches remind us that recovery is also a nervous system journey, learning to regulate and engage socially after trauma. Zauner’s narrative demonstrates the power of ritual (such as cooking and eating Korean food), sensory grounding, and creative expression in this process.

For survivors seeking to deepen their healing, Annie Wright offers trauma-informed psychotherapy that integrates these principles with cultural sensitivity and somatic awareness.

Pop Culture as Doorway, Not Destination: Navigating Public Grief Narratives

Zauner’s memoir has resonated widely, bringing visibility to maternal grief, cultural identity, and trauma. While public narratives like Crying in H Mart can validate survivor experiences and reduce stigma, it’s important to approach them as doorways, inviting exploration and reflection, rather than destinations for healing.

Jennifer Freyd’s research on trauma disclosure highlights the potential risks of overidentification with public stories, which can sometimes overshadow individual recovery needs or perpetuate retraumatization if consumed uncritically. Survivors and clinicians should balance engagement with memoir and media with personalized, trauma-informed care.

An ethical clinical stance involves encouraging survivors to use memoirs as inspiration and validation while maintaining boundaries that protect their unique healing process. For guidance on navigating public trauma narratives, see Annie Wright’s ethical trauma work.

Internal Links for Further Exploration

• Maternal Wound Complete Guide
• Betrayal Trauma Complete Guide
• Complex PTSD Overview
• Attachment Styles and Healing
• Narcissistic Abuse Recovery
• Dissociation and Trauma
• Nervous System Regulation Tools
• Therapy Services
• Courses and Workshops
• Consultation Services

Related Reading

• van der Kolk, Bessel. The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma. New York: Viking, 2014.
• Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence. From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. New York: Basic Books, 1992.
• McBride, Karyl. Will I Ever Be Good Enough?: Healing the Daughters of Narcissistic Mothers. New York: Atria Books, 2008.
• Wolynn, Mark. It Didn’t Start With You: How Inherited Family Trauma Shapes Who We Are. New York: Penguin Books, 2017.
• Freyd, Jennifer J. Betrayal Trauma: The Logic of Forgetting Childhood Abuse. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996.

References

Peer-Reviewed Research (Vancouver)

1. van der Kolk BA, Wang JB, Yehuda R, Bedrosian L, Coker AR, Harrison C, et al. Effects of MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD on self-experience. PLoS One. 2024;19(1):e0295926. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295926. PMID: 38198456.
2. Gómez JM, Smith CP, Gobin RL, Tang SS, Freyd JJ. Collusion, torture, and inequality: Understanding the actions of the American Psychological Association as institutional betrayal. J Trauma Dissociation. 2016;17(5):527-544. PMID: 27427782.
3. Cloitre M, Stolbach BC, Herman JL, van der Kolk B, Pynoos R, Wang J, et al. A developmental approach to complex PTSD: childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity. J Trauma Stress. 2009;22(5):399-408. doi:10.1002/jts.20444. PMID: 19795402.
4. Porges SW. Polyvagal Theory: Current Status, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions. Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2025;22(3):169-184. doi:10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250301. PMID: 40735382.
5. Ogden P, Pain C, Fisher J. A sensorimotor approach to the treatment of trauma and dissociation. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2006;29(1):263-79, xi-xii. PMID: 16530597.

Books & Cultural Sources (Chicago Author-Date)

• Malkin, Craig. Rethinking narcissism. HarperCollins Publishers and Blackstone Audio, 2015.
• Fisher, Janina. Healing the fragmented selves of trauma survivors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
• Dana, Deb. The Polyvagal Theory in Therapy. Norton & Company, Incorporated, W. W., 2018.
• Oliver, Mary. Devotions. Little, Brown Book Group Limited, 2017.

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